This paper distills a three-pillar framework – finance, trade, and offtake – to make responsible critical-minerals projects bankable and resilient. Finance: Expand concessional loans, use grants surgically, and scale public equity; encourage thematic bonds, vertical integration, and processing hubs; refine tax credits (e.g., for by-products) and fix DFC equity accounting to crowd in private capital. Trade: Build a pragmatic trade […]
